Additives & What they do!
Plain mineral oils cannot provide all the necessary functional properties that an engine requires. These plain mineral oils need fortification with chemicals/additives which when used in small quantities, import or enhance the desirable functional properties.- Dispersants: Keeps sludge, carbon and other deposit-precursors suspended in oil.
Detergents: keeps the engine parts clean from deposits. - Rust/Corrosion Inhibitors: Prevents or controls oxidation of oil, formation of varnish, sludge and corrosive compounds, limit viscosity increase.
- Extreme Pressure (EP), Anti wear and friction modifiers: From protective film on the engine parts and reduce wear and tear.
- Metal deactivator: Forms surface films so that metal surface does not catalyze oil oxidation.
- Pour Point Depressant: Lowers freezing point of oils assuring free flow at lower temperatures.
- Anti-foam: Retards the formation of foam in oil that can result from the mechanical action of the engine. Foam reduces oil’s ability to lubricate effectively.
- Viscosity Modifiers: Temperature affects viscosity grade, making oil either thicker or thinner. This hurts its ability to protect engine parts at temperature extremes. Viscosity modifiers are flow control agents that allow the oil structure to adapt to temperature changes, maintain its grade, and retain its lubricating effectiveness. This is what makes multigrade oils possible.
- Seal Conditioners: Swell the elastomeric engine seals to prevent fluid leakage.
- Friction Modifiers: In effect, they make oil more slippery by reducing the friction between moving parts. This both reduces wear and improves fuel efficiency.
Anti Oxidant Effect
Coating metal parts with oil also keeps them from being exposed to oxygen, which inhibits their oxidation at elevated operating temperatures (basically preventing them from rusting). Corrosion inhibitors may also be added to the motor oil.Detergent Effect:
Many motor oils also have detergent additives to help keep the engine clean and minimize oil sludge buildup.Dispersant Effect
Rubbing of metal engine parts inevitably produces some microscopic metallic particles from the wearing of the surfaces. Sludge also accumulates in the engine. Such particles could circulate in the oil and grind against the moving parts, causing erosion and wear. Thus Dispersant Additive is added to the oil to keep these particles suspended in oil.Viscosity Effect
The viscosity effect of a lubricant helps to drag the fluid into the separating space between the bearings and then retards its escape when squeezing action brings the two surfaces together. The term “viscosity index” is a measure of the viscosity-temperature behavior of oil, based on an arbitrary scale of 0-100, with 0 being representative of oil that thins down rapidly when heated and 100 being representative of oil that thins less rapidly. Motor oil with higher viscosity index tends to thin less at higher temperatures.Pour Point Effect
Pour point depressant is used to improve the low temperature characteristics. The pour point for oil can be determined under protocols set forth in the ASTM D-97 pour point test.Latest News
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